MagmaFOAM-1.0: a modular framework for the simulation of magmatic systems

Numerical simulations of volcanic processes play a fundamental role in understanding the dynamics of magma storage, ascent, and eruption. The recent extraordinary progress in computer performance and improvements in numerical modeling techniques allow simulating multiphase systems in mechanical and thermodynamical disequilibrium. Nonetheless, the growing complexity of these simulations requires the development of flexible computational tools that can easily switch between sub-models and solution techniques. In this work we present MagmaFOAM, a library based on the open-source computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM that incorporates models for solving the dynamics of multiphase, multicomponent magmatic systems. Retaining the modular structure of OpenFOAM, MagmaFOAM allows runtime selection of the solution technique depending on the physics of the specific process and sets a solid framework for in-house and community model development, testing, and comparison. MagmaFOAM models thermomechanical nonequilibrium phase coupling and phase change, and it implements state-of-the-art multiple volatile saturation models and constitutive equations with composition-dependent and space–time local computation of thermodynamic and transport properties. Code testing is performed using different multiphase modeling approaches for processes relevant to magmatic systems: Rayleigh–Taylor instability for buoyancy-driven magmatic processes, multiphase shock tube simulations propaedeutical to conduit dynamics studies, and bubble growth and breakage in basaltic melts. Benchmark simulations illustrate the capabilities and potential of MagmaFOAM to account for the variety of nonlinear physical and thermodynamical processes characterizing the dynamics of volcanic systems.